![]() They have many practical, everyday applications in items such as smoke detectors, and are also finding use in unconventional technologies such as ion engines. Sodium, potassium, calcium and other ions play an important role in the cells of living organisms, particularly in cell membranes. Astrophysical plasmas containing predominantly a mixture of electrons and protons, may make up as much as 99.9% of visible matter in the universe. Radical ions: radical ions are ions that contain an odd number of electrons and are mostly very reactive and unstable.Ī collection of non-aqueous gas-like ions, or even a gas containing a proportion of charged particles, is called a plasma, often called the fourth state of matter because its properties are quite different from solids, liquids, and gases.Dianion: a dianion is a species which has two negative charges on it for example, the aromatic dianion pentalene.Cations are the opposite of anions, since cations have fewer electrons than protons. Anions are negatively charged because there are more electrons associated with them than there are protons in their nuclei. Furthermore, the additional charge displaces the original electrons and all of the Z + 1 electrons rearrange into a new configuration. In reality, however, the atomic electrons form a cloud into which the additional electron penetrates, thus being exposed to a net positive charge part of the time. In the simple view of the Free electron model, a passing electron is therefore not attracted to a neutral atom and cannot bind to it. The electrons' negative charges thus exactly cancel the protons' positive charges. The ionization energy of metals is generally much lower than the ionization energy of nonmetals, which is why metals will generally lose electrons to form positively-charged ions while nonmetals will generally gain electrons to form negatively-charged ions.Ī neutral atom contains an equal number of Z protons in the nucleus and Z electrons in the electron shell. Francium has the lowest ionization energy of all the elements and fluorine has the greatest. On the other side of the periodic table, chlorine has seven valence electrons, so in ionized form it is commonly found with one gained electron, as Cl −. For example, sodium has one valence electron, in its outermost shell, so in ionized form it is commonly found with one lost electron, as Na +. For this reason, ions tend to form in ways that leave them with full orbital blocks. Particularly great increases occur after any given block of atomic orbitals is exhausted of electrons. The nth ionization energy of an atom is the energy required to detach its nth electron after the first n − 1 electrons have already been detached.Įach successive ionization energy is markedly greater than the last. The energy required to detach an electron in its lowest energy state from an atom or molecule of a gas with less net electric charge is called the ionization potential, or ionization energy. + is not stable because of an incomplete valence shell around nitrogen and is in fact a radical ion. ![]() The distinction between this and the removal of an electron from the whole molecule is important in large systems because it usually results in much more stable ions with complete electron shells. The charge has been added by the addition of a proton (H +) not the addition or removal of electrons. Ammonia and ammonium have the same number of electrons in essentially the same electronic configuration but differ in protons. A simple example of this is the ammonium ion NH 4 + which can be formed by ammonia NH 3 accepting a proton, H +. Polyatomic and molecular ions are often formed by the combination of elemental ions such as H + with neutral molecules or by the gain of such elemental ions from neutral molecules. Anion, ἀνιόν, and cation, κ ατιόν, mean "(a thing) going up" and "(a thing) going down", respectively and anode, ἄνοδος, and cathode, κ άθοδος, mean "a way up" and "a way down", respectively, from ὁδός, "way," or "road".įormation Formation of polyatomic and molecular ions It is derived from the Greek word ἰόν, participle of ἰέναι, "to go", or έἰμι, "I go" thus "a goer". The name ion was given by Michael Faraday. 2.1 Formation of polyatomic and molecular ions.
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![]() "We held talks with the Dubai International Financial Centre and agreed to use its experience in Kazakhstan," said Nazarbayev. Speaking at the opening ceremony, he said that in the future the infrastructure of EXPO 2017 will host the Astana International Financial Centre. ![]() The President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, attended the World Future Energy Summit in Abu Dhabi. Check out who is attending exhibiting speaking schedule & agenda reviews timing entry ticket fees. "EXPO 2017 is a huge infrastructure and business project for Kazakhstan, involving the participation of a large number of companies," said the Director of the Content and Event Organization Department of Astana EXPO2017, Marat Omarov. The pavilions are now being handed over to the participating countries to be filled. Preparations for EXPO 2017 scheduled to take place between June 10 and Septemin Astana, Kazakhstan are going according to plan and construction works are 95 percent complete. We have agreed to share knowledge and experience and provide the maximum support for each other," said Mr. Given the fact that both countries will be hosting EXPO, it is necessary to strengthen cooperation between the organisers of the exhibitions. The most recent, completed working within a design team led by Es Devlin and Avantgarde, was the UK pavilion at Dubai Expo 2020 (running until March 2022). "The UAE is one of Kazakhstan's key partners. The theme of this Expo is South-South Cooperation in the Era of Economic, Social and Environmental Transformation: Road to the 40th Anniversary of the. The document was signed by the Chairman of the Board of Astana EXPO-2017, Akhmetzhan Yessimov, and the Executive Director of Dubai EXPO 2020 Bureau, Najeeb Mohammed al-Ali. At an event on Thursday, officials unveiled the pricing structure for the event, which will run from October 1 to March 31, 2022. WAM - The National Company Astana EXPO-2017 and Dubai EXPO 2020 Bureau have signed a Memorandum of Understanding and cooperation on the sidelines of the World Future Energy Summit. of the Dubai Expo 2020 Sustainability Pavilion have been unveiled at Abu Dhabi Sustainability Week 2017 as part of the Expos presence at the event. Expo 2020 Dubai prices were unveiled on Thursday, with single entry to cost Dh95 (26) and a six-month pass Dh495. ![]() “I would research those as well to put together a property analysis.” “Realtors have access to different online sites that buyers and sellers are not privy to,” she says. She would then look up all of the properties that have sold within the last six months (or three months if the market is changing rapidly). If a homeowner or seller came to top agent Jami Harich, a top seller’s agent in Remington, Virginia, she would “go to the MLS and look up the active homes in the area right away.” With the multiple listing service (MLS) at their fingertips, a real estate agent can run a comparative market analysis (CMA), which will come up with an estimated selling price for a home based on three to five comparable homes in the area that have sold recently. Not only do these professionals know the ins and outs of the local market, but they have access to tools that provide the most accurate and up-to-date information on home listings and sales. If you want to learn more about the selling prices of homes in a particular area, and how that relates to your homebuying or selling goals, you can’t beat the expertise of a qualified real estate agent in your area. Rely on the expertise of an experienced real estate agent Data is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed accurate by the MLS.Ĭopyright © 2023 Greater Lansing Association of REALTORS®1. ![]() IDX information is provided exclusively for Consumers' personal, non-commercial use, that it may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties Consumers may be interested in purchasing. Northern Great Lakes REALTORS® MLS and its subscribers disclaim any and all representations or warranties as to the accuracy of this information.Ĭopyright 2023 Northern Great Lakes REALTORS® MLS. The information in this listing was gathered from third-party sources including the seller. and its shareholders, affiliates and licensees and may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, scanning or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from MiRealSource, Inc. The information provided hereby constitutes proprietary information of MiRealSource, Inc. All information should be independently verified.Ĭopyright 2023 MiRealSource. The accuracy of all information, regardless of source, is not guaranteed or warranted. The information published and disseminated by MiRealSource is communicated verbatim, without change by MiRealSource, as filed with MiRealSource by its members. Information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed.Ĭopyright 2023 MichRIC, LLC. ![]() ![]() The listing broker’s offer of compensation is made only to participants of the MLS where the listing is filed. Listing Information presented by local MLS brokerage: Zillow, Inc., REALTOR®- Lauren Buttazzoni - (313) 479-2702 The data relating to real estate properties on this website was last updated as recently as 14:15:35 PDT All information should be independently verified. IDX information is provided exclusively for consumers' personal, noncommercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing. via Zillow, Inc and MLSĬopyright 2023 Realcomp II Ltd. IDX provided courtesy of Realcomp II Ltd. ![]() As developed by Shell, this process produces MMA in one step reaction with 99% yield with a catalyst derived from palladium acetate, phosphine ligands, and Bronsted acids as catalyst: CH≡CCH 3 + CO + CH 3OH → CH 2=C(CH 3)CO 2CH 3 Isobutylene routes Using Reppe chemistry, methyl acetylene is converted to MMA. Metal oxides catalyse this process: (CH 3) 2CHCO 2H + O → CH 2=C(CH 3)CO 2H + H 2O Methyl acetylene (propyne) process Oxidative dehydrogenation of the isobutyric acid yields methacrylic acid. Air oxidation of methacrolein to methacrylic acid completes the synthesis of the acid: CH 3CH 2CHO + HCHO → CH 2=C(CH 3)CHO + H 2O CH 2=C(CH 3)CHO + 1⁄ 2 O 2 → CH 2=C(CH 3)CO 2H From isobutyric acid Īs developed by Atochem and Röhm, isobutyric acid is produced by hydrocarboxylation of propene, using HF as a catalyst:ĬH 2=CHCH 3 + CO + H 2O → (CH 3) 2CHCO 2H Other routes to MMA Via propionaldehyde Įthylene is first hydroformylated to give propanal, which is then condensed with formaldehyde to produce methacrolein, The condensation is catalyzed by a secondary amine. This process plant was cheaper to build and run than conventional systems, produces virtually no waste and the feedstocks can even be made from biomass. In 2008, Lucite International commissioned an Alpha MMA plant on Jurong Island in Singapore. The separated streams are returned to the process there being only a small heavy ester purge stream, which is disposed of in a thermal oxidizer with heat recovered for use in the process. MMA (>99.9%) is purified by vacuum distillations. Unreacted MeP and water are recycled via the formaldehyde dehydration process. The reactor product stream is separated in a primary distillation so that a crude MMA product stream, free from water, MeP and formaldehyde, is produced. The coke is easily removed and catalyst activity and selectivity restored by controlled, in-situ regeneration. The formation of a small amount of heavy, relatively involatile compounds poisons the catalyst. This catalyst, caesium oxide on silica, achieves good selectivity to MMA from MeP. The reaction of MeP and formaldehyde takes place over a fixed bed of catalyst. In a second set of reactions, MeP is condensed with formaldehyde in a single heterogeneous reaction step to form MMA: CH 3CH 2CO 2CH 3 + CH 2O → CH 3(CH 2)CCO 2CH 3 + H 2O ![]() The MeP synthesis is conducted in a continuous-stirred tank reactor at moderate temperature and pressure using proprietary agitation and gas-liquid mixing arrangement. The first stage involves carboalkoxylation of ethylene to produce methyl propionate (MeP): C 2H 4 + CO + CH 3OH → CH 3CH 2CO 2CH 3 The economics of the ACH route have been heavily optimized. ![]() This technology affords more than 3 billion kilograms per year. Disposal of this salt is energy intensive. (CH 3) 2C(OSO 3H)C(O)NH 2 + CH 3OH → CH 2 =C(CH 3)C(O)OCH 3 + NH 4HSO 4Īs indicated in the last reaction, each kilogram of methyl methacrylate produced yields roughly 1.1 kg of ammonium hydrogen sulfate. The sulfate ester is then methanolyzed (reacted with methanol): H 2SO 4), which is removed in a cracking step. In fact the sulfate ester of the amide is initially produced as an adduct with sulfuric acid ((CH 3) 2C(OSO 3H)C(O)NH 2. Although widely used, the ACH route coproduces substantial amounts of ammonium sulfate. Methanolysis of this ester gives ammonium bisulfate and MMA. The cyanohydrin is hydrolyzed in the presence of sulfuric acid to a sulfate ester of the methacrylamide. ACH is produced by condensation of acetone and hydrogen cyanide. The compound is manufactured by several methods, the principal one being the acetone cyanohydrin (ACH) route. Two principal routes appear to be commonly practiced. Given the scale of production, many methods have been developed starting from diverse two- to four-carbon precursors. This colorless liquid, the methyl ester of methacrylic acid (MAA), is a monomer produced on a large scale for the production of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Methyl methacrylate ( MMA) is an organic compound with the formula CH 2=C(CH 3)COOCH 3. If there are 2 Breeze Dancer’s Shadow Clones in your Lineup, this skills, Cool down Time will be reduced by 1 round.Īll units in your Lineup-except Breeze Dancer, will have their Mystery Skill’s Cooldown Time down to ) and all Debuffs are cancelled.Ĭauses Wind attribute damage up to 3 units of the opponent’s Lineup and 4 COMBO. Repulsed units cause damage to the units behind them. Like all the other main characters, Wind main have five talents in Naruto Online game.Ĭauses Wind attribute Ninjutsu damage and Blindness to a selected unit and 1 random unit from the opponent’s Lineup.Ĭauses Ninjutsu and Taijutsu damage to the opponent’s entire Lineup and Repulse. You can choose her as you starting character as she can provide good early game damage and support for your team. She will be able to provide excellent support the team if you have female characters or Wind attribute ninja characters. But, you will need to analyze other ninja characters you get throughout the game to determine the best main character that suits your overall team.Īs for Wind Main, she is a great ninjutsu damage dealer with some good early game skills. However, like I always say in other articles it depends on what kind of team you’re looking to build that matters the most when you select your main character. As a starting main character, Breeze Dancer is a good choice. Like other main characters you’ll be able to choose Breeze Dancer when your start Naruto Online game. Let’s move on to Breeze Dancer / Wind Main Guide What you need to know about Wind Main Breeze Dancer Naruto Online: Earth Main / Crimson Fist Guide Naruto Online: Fire Main / Scarlet Blaze Guide Naruto Online: Lightning Main / Midnight Blade Guide I’ve already written 3 main character guides where you can check them out here: This guide will be on Wind Main who also known as standard damage dealer and aggressive team support character, Breeze Dancer. This is my fourth guide on the main characters. It’s been 2 weeks since I wrote something on. ![]() More importantly, SEIBON carbon fiber parts continue to be demanded by knowledgeable enthusiasts on all five continents. Our quality shows SEIBON Carbon components have been featured in television shows, in movies, at racing events, on magazine covers, and at national and regional auto shows. Our in-house design team introduces and maintains proprietary designs for a wide and growing variety of sport compact applications. Everything is made fromtop quality carbon fiber, and is rigorously-inspected during our multiple-step quality control process. We realized that there was a demand for top-quality, durable carbon fiber components among other like-minded enthusiasts, and we set out to create the best products in the industry. Our company was founded by genuine automotive aficionados, and debuted in the automotive aftermarket industry in 2003. SEIBON Carbon, a division of SEIBON International, Inc., specializes in the design and manufacture of high-quality carbon fiber automotive body components such as hoods, trunks, fenders, and aerodynamic body additions such as rear spoilers and side skirts. Check out our selection from brands like Seibon, GReddy, Sparco, Agency Power, AVO, Turbo XS, WeatherTech and more! The vents on these light weight hoods are an effective way to keep cool air going into your engine bay.īody kits, wings, fenders, hoods, grilles, side skirts, tow hooks, and more! All are great ways to improve the looks of your ride. A great way to improve cooling performance and style, all while reducing the overall weight of your vehicle. Seibon hoods are made out of high quality carbon fiber. Seibon, under no circumstances, shall be liable for the damaged product or for subsequent settlement of the claim with the carrier. All disputes about the settlement amount should be addressed with the carrier. Replacement value is the amount the buyer paid to the distributor and is not negotiable. In cases of damage with proper notation on receipt, the carrier will determine whether to pay for repair cost or replacement value of the damaged goods after damage inspection. All damages must be notified to carrier and Seibon within 24 hours. Discovery of damages after a clear delivery becomes the responsibility of the customer. A signed receipt without any notation indemnifies the carrier as well as Seibon from any further damage claims. Do not refuse shipment or return it without approval, because the buyer's right to make a damage claim may be denied. Buyer must retain all cartons, packing materials, and damaged products for the carrier's damage inspector to inspect. Buyer must inspect the packaging and the products carefully upon receiving them, then accept the shipment and notate any damages and irregularities, such as crushed, torn, punctured, or broken parts on both the packaging and the product, on the freight bill or receipt at the driver's presence. However, damage may still occur occasionally. Seibon packs all products carefully to prevent damage during shipping. OEM-style carbon fiber hood for 2013-2017 Scion FRS / Toyota 86 / Subaru BRZ Seibon 12-13 BRZ/FRS OEM Carbon Fiber Hood ![]() One in particular occurred even before the series premiered. Several stunts performed for the series garnered attention from the mainstream media. In June 2018, it was announced that Nathan for You would stream on Hulu. The fourth season premiered on September 28, 2017, preceded by a one-hour special, " Nathan for You: A Celebration", which aired the week before. On December 10, 2015, Comedy Central picked up the show for a fourth season. On April 26, 2013, Comedy Central renewed the series for a second season of 8 episodes. The next week on March 21, ratings dropped further, landing at 394,000 viewers. The following episode, airing on March 14, had 428,000 viewers. A special sneak peek episode that aired on March 13, 2013, after an episode of Workaholics further increased viewership, ending up at 615,000. The series premiere garnered 354,000 viewers, improving in its second episode to 570,000. Fielder called the show's process "a very inefficient way of making TV." History Episodes were constantly re-written based on the interactions Fielder received. Roughly 90 hours of footage were required to make each 22-minute episode. As a result, the show's writing process involved "a lot of guessing and testing," according to Fielder. Although the featured businesses were real and consented to be filmed, the employees were not told it was for a comedy show, so their reactions to Fielder's antics are genuine. Some ideas were thrown out because they were deemed not visually interesting or engaging for viewers.Īlthough each episode had a loose script for Fielder, much of the dialogue was improvised. ![]() Often, Fielder and the writing team came up with an idea specifically for the business, while other times, concepts were formed in a completely unrelated way. Marketing ideas were developed in myriad ways. Part of the series' inspiration came from Fielder's fascination with the subprime mortgage crisis, and how he found that it was rooted in "these personal moments between people where someone senses something's wrong, but they don't want to speak up." The show was greenlit following the cancellation of Jon Benjamin Has a Van, which Fielder also wrote and appeared in. The show evolved out of segments on the Canadian news satire series This Hour Has 22 Minutes titled "Nathan On Your Side," wherein Fielder played a consumer advocate. Nathan for You was created by comedian Nathan Fielder and writer Michael Koman. The character is based on Fielder's real life and his own struggles with social anxiety he has noted that he did not want the character to "feel like a comedy character" but one that delivers the "most authentic moments from myself." Production In the show's first season, Fielder is unaware people do not enjoy his company. Throughout episodes, his confidence is eroded as his ideas fail. One of the show's long-running story arcs concerns Fielder and his social awkwardness. His marketing proposals are often outlandish and elaborate. The series centers on Nathan Fielder, a business school graduate and consultant whose aim is to help struggling businesses. It received acclaim from critics, several of whom considered it one of the best TV shows of the 2010s. In October 2018, Comedy Central confirmed that Nathan for You had ended, with Fielder deciding to focus on other projects. Twenty-seven of the show's 32 episodes follow this structure as applied to one or more businesses in the Southern California area, with five others ("The Claw of Shame", "The Hero", "A Celebration", "The Anecdote", and "Finding Frances") departing from the business advice format to showcase other comedic premises. In the general premise of the series, Fielder plays a fictionalized off-kilter version of himself, trying to use his business background and life experiences to help struggling companies and people, frequently offering them outlandish strategies, parodying the methods of marketing and management consultants. ![]() The series was created by Fielder and Michael Koman and premiered on February 28, 2013, on the American cable television network Comedy Central. Nathan for You is an American docu-reality comedy television series starring Canadian comedian Nathan Fielder. ![]() This will very much take away the guessing work from your plate. You can choose an item based on your preferences, such as a souvenir from your yearly international or local vacations or an assorted jar of jam and almond butter. Signature gift exchange: You can decide your signature gifts to avoid the hassle of gifting different things to people every holiday season.Pamper them with toys and treats, or spend a day at their favorite park or a spa. Instead of gifting humans, you can exchange gifts for each other’s pets. Pet’s gift swap: Pets are like family members. ![]() You can make yours unique by including a recipe card or a cooking playlist. You can exchange gift baskets with ingredients of each other’s favorite recipes. Gourmet basket exchange: If you are a family of food lovers, this idea may be perfect for you and your family.You can include Secret Santa in this idea and set a price cap for yearly subscriptions. To make gift-exchange more exciting, you can exchange subscriptions of your favorite services or products. Subscriptions exchange: Nowadays, there is a subscription for everything and not just your favorite magazines.The recipients of the coupon can write their wishes, such as two airport pick-ups/drops, massage, camping trips, and more. Ask your family members to create fill-in-the-blank coupons that can be redeemed at any time of the year. Free coupon swap: You can have some real fun using free, personalized coupons.You can arrange for a holiday bingo night, and the winner of the game gets to choose the gift first, followed by the rest of the participants. You can include it in the gift exchange idea. Bingo gift exchange: Bingo has been a much-loved game for families.This way, you can narrow down your shopping list and instead opt for a potluck or a meal with all the adults in the family. Kids gift exchange: If you are on a tight budget, you may decide to gift the children in your family and not the adults.You can include items of their favorite tipple, such as syrups, liqueurs, bitters, and other ingredients. Cocktail-in-a-box swap: Let the adults in your family have some fun with this mini cocktail-in-a-box gift exchange.You can also make it competitive by keeping scores-the person who wins may choose the gift first.Īccording to a study, 71% of teenagers identified talking, catching up, and spending time with family as the best part of family dinners ( 2). As each person completes the games, they get to pick their gifts. Set up booths with different simple games and decorations. You can also replicate this for your family during the holidays. Christmas carnival: Carnivals are always fun because of the fun games such as ring toss, ball toss, or shooting hoops.You can add more fun by incorporating other gift exchange ideas, too. You can decide the order of gifting based on who gets to lose a chair while playing the game. It works well for both grown-ups and kids. Musical chair gifts: You can play this gift exchange activity similar to musical chairs.No one will be disheartened as they will not expect the best of gifts. This can lead to some funny stories and traditions. Regifting with a twist: What if, instead of your favorite items, you pass the worst of gifts ever received to a new owner? You may choose items that you will never use in the future, such as oversized clothing items or shoes. ![]() In reality, they are whipping around at a speed of roughly 1,000 miles per hour (1600 km/hr) at Earth’s equator. From our perspective, stationary objects are just that, unmoving. That’s because Earth is constantly rotating, meaning every object on its surface is moving at the speed at which the Earth is spinning on its axis. On Earth, movement in a straight line over long distances is harder than it may seem. This curving is a result of Earth’s spin on its axis. Following the pull of gravity, ocean water moves from the built-up areas of high pressure down to the valleys of low pressure.īut as the water moves from hills to valleys, it does so in a curved trajectory, not a straight line. Since water is a liquid that prefers to stay at a level height, this creates an unstable situation. Wind pushes water into hills of high pressure which leave behind valleys of low pressure. Likewise, where the winds diverge, the ocean water dips in a slight depression. At the places where the wind generated currents converge into each other, the ocean water is pushed to build a slight hill. While it may appear that the ocean is a flat surface, the reality is that it is a series of hills and valleys in the water. The result is a global pattern of prevailing wind, and it is this consistent wind that impacts the ocean. And the most southern system, the Hadley cell, blows air in a consistent southwestern direction toward a region of low pressure along the equator. The middle system, the Ferrel cell, blows in a consistent northeastern direction toward the same 60-degree low. In the Northern Hemisphere, the most northern system, the polar cell, blows air in a consistent southwestern direction toward a pocket of low pressure along the 60-degree latitude line. The major wind patterns drive oceanic currents. A combination of Earth’s rotation, the fact that Earth is tilted on an axis, and the placement of most continents in the Northern Hemisphere, create pressure systems that divide each hemisphere into three distinct wind patterns or circulation cells. It would make intuitive sense that the hot air and cool air would meet in the middle of the equator and the North or South pole, however, in reality it is much more complicated. The clashing of hot air originating at the equator and cold air originating at the poles creates regions of high atmospheric pressure and low atmospheric pressure along specific latitude lines. Likewise, cold air from the poles sinks and moves towards the equator. The hot air over the equator rises and moves away from the equator. This uneven distribution of heat causes air to move. The Sun’s radiation is strongest at the equator and dissipates the closer you get to the poles. These wind patterns (convection cells) are created by radiation from the Sun beating down on Earth and generating heat. Surface ocean currents are driven by consistent wind patterns that persist throughout time over the entire globe, such as the jet stream. When air moves across the ocean’s surface, it pulls the top layers of water with it through friction, the force of resistance between two touching materials moving over one another. Wind is a major force in propelling water across the globe in surface currents. Gravity pulls the water away from hills and toward valleys and Earth’s rotation steers the moving water. The Sun’s radiation creates prevailing wind patterns, which push ocean water to bunch in hills and valleys. (John James Wild, 1877)Īt the surface, currents are mainly driven by four factors-wind, the Sun’s radiation, gravity, and Earth’s rotation. This is a map ocean surface currents from 1877. Climate change is altering the processes that propel water across the globe, and should this alter ocean currents, it would likely lead to a cascade of even more change. While the ocean as we know it has been in existence since the beginning of humanity, the familiar currents that help stabilize our climate may now be threatened. This planetary movement has a strong effect on how oceans move. Though it appears we live on a stable and stationary planet, we are, in fact, whipping through space around the Sun in an orbit and spinning on an axis. It also requires a shift in perspective to encompass the movement of planets, the Moon, and the Sun. Ocean motion is influenced by occurrences here on Earth that are familiar, like heat changes and wind. Friction, drag, and density all come into play when describing the nature of a wave, the movement of a current, or the ebb of a tide. Ocean movement is created by the governing principles of physics and chemistry. Water is propelled around the globe in sweeping currents, waves transfer energy across entire ocean basins, and tides reliably flood and ebb every single day. But this is far from the truth-the ocean is constantly in motion. Looking toward the sea from land, it may appear that the ocean is a stagnant place. ![]() After seeing Prince Eric, she decides to exchange her singing voice for the opportunity to become a human. Out of all her sisters, Ariel can sing the best, yet she wonders about life on land. ![]() With Ariel, Disney finally succeeded in creating a complex character. This era includes Ariel, Belle, Jasmine, Pocahontas and Mulan. While the Renaissance Era improved on the Classics Era by making princesses curious about the world rather than doing the housework for others, Disney still stuck to the motif of princesses needing someone. The Renaissance Era of Disney princesses, also called the “rebel children era,” appears to have been in response to a wake-up call for a needed transition from being conventional to being a reformer. In the Classics Era, these kinds of gender stereotypes and the objectification of submissive female characters were at their peak. As the story continues, we don’t even get a chance to see Aurora’s depth of character -only her beauty and grace. In “Sleeping Beauty,” the fairies give Aurora the gift of beauty - not intelligence or personality - when she is a newborn. Cinderella is more developed but still struggles to progress beyond the limits of needing someone to save her she is curious about the world, but ends up with the strong Prince Charming that saves the day. The only thing she does in the movie is clean the house for seven guys and get saved by another one. Snow White is the typical, beautiful, gentle and innocent princess. These princesses also fit squarely into conventional beauty standards. They were waiting for someone to come rescue them. The Classics-Era princesses - Snow White, Cinderella and Sleeping Beauty - were primarily passive and temperate. There are two types of Disney Princesses: traditional ones and new ones and there are three eras: the Classics Era, the Renaissance Era and the New-Age Era. This move gives hope for young generations, especially girls, to be powerful on their own. In recent years, though, Disney has attempted to redefine what it means to be a Disney princess. Many of them taught kids the stifling bonds of gender roles and emphasized the importance of looks and beauty standards. The impact of these princess movies, however, is far from benign. Generations grew up with these fancy, beautiful princesses, sometimes even serving as role models with their kindness and loving personas. Most of us remember watching Disney princess movies growing up - it is safe to assume that almost everyone has seen at least one of them. |
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